Brexit Hat

Brexit in the United Arab Emirates – Post-contractual agreement

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Oct15

There are many issues in vogue but one of the most important in Brexit but … Do we know how Brexit will affect the United Arab Emirates? How can the United Kingdom take advantage of this special relationship? It is clear that brexit in the United Arab Emirates will be important.

Today in Legal News we will talk about two very interesting topics:

  • How will Brexit affect the United Arab Emirates?
  • Post-contractual non-competition agreement: Benefits and how to implement it

Next we will discuss our main theme, Brexit in the United Arab Emirates.

Brexit in the United Arab Emirates

Brexit in the United Arab Emirates? Is Brexit not in the UK? Of course it is, but in practice the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates have a privileged relationship. That privileged relationship makes Brexit not only affect that side of the world.

In a similar situation there are several EU countries that import or export a product due to their commercial relationship. In this way we can talk about the effects of Brexit in the United Arab Emirates, or to make it shorter, Brexit in the United Arab Emirates.

UK | Arab residents opinions on Brexit deal

Special Relationship

To understand this analysis it is important to know the great link between the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. Some of the most relevant elements that have contributed to this special relationship are:

  • Previous to having a great business relationship United Arab Emirates was a British colony. From 1853 until 1971 the Emirates were considered a British Protectorate known as Truce States. The United Kingdom was responsible for the military protection of the territory and maintained a monopoly on international trade and natural resources.
  • Additionally, one of the makers of Emirates and the Dubaiti transport emporium is Maurice Flanagan, a British businessman. The Government of Dubai sought Maurice Flanagan to create its air transport company. Due to its privileged location it would become a regional transport hub. Maurice Flanagan was the founding CEO of Emirates and Executive Vice President of the Emirates Group. Emirates is currently among the 10 best airlines in the world. Currently more than 50% of Dubai GDP comes from the transportation industry.
Emirates Airlines - Developmental drivers detected by Gustavo Mirabal
Emirates Airlines – Developmental drivers detected by Gustavo Mirabal
  • Currently the legislation governing the DIFC (Dubai International Financial Center) is a copy of the commercial legislation of the United Kingdom. Even the judges are brought from the United Kingdom. There the legislation is published first in English. This is an area focused on attracting foreign investments. They do this through a liberal legislation that allows 100% repatriation of capital and 0% tax for 40 years.

This relationship explains why it is one of the favorite places to invest in the United Kingdom. It is also one of the favorite places to go to retirement of British retirees.

Brexit effect in the United Arab Emirates for British citizens.

Are You Ready for Brexit in the United Arab Emirates?
Are You Ready for Brexit in the United Arab Emirates?

Of course, the fall of the pound sterling is one of the transversal elements to the Brexit effect in the United Arab Emirates. The relationship between the pound and the dinar will make one or the other stronger or more competitive. It remains to be seen which elements of competitiveness can be incorporated into the British economy. Thanks to the freedom of decisions, measures can be taken to boost the British economy to measure. But in the meantime here we will see some of the possible scenarios:

2020 good time to buy pounds sterling

Soon the pound will again have a steep decline against Dirham. Trends have made the pound sterling oscillate but its tendency is to decline. There is still a place to buy and sell higher or wait for the decline to make investments in pounds sterling.

British workers in the United Arab Emirates have greater purchasing power. They can make important purchases in the United Kingdom.

Travel to the UK cheaper

It is logical that the weakness of the pound sterling leads to cheaper trips. It is logical that with the privileged relationship of the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates, it is one of the pillars to boost the British economy.

Investments in the United Kingdom

Although in the first of change the fall of the pound sterling does prevent losses, the truth is that in the long term is healthier. Competitiveness will grow and companies will begin to have a better position for international markets. If you can think of long-term investments, think of the United Kingdom if you win in Dirhams.

Brexit does not diminish the UK's appeal as an investment destination

Do you want to buy a home in the United Kingdom?

Take advantage of the strength of Dirham will allow you to get lower prices. The ideal time is after mid-2020 when it begins to fall unless the fall is carried out with the entry into force of Brexit. The effect of Brexit in the United Arab Emirates will be very important. You have to monitor the real estate market.

Pensions in United Kingdom

You may want to consider investments in the DIFC to multiply your income in British Pounds. Take advantage of making rapid changes or investing directly within the United Kingdom in the medium and long term.

What can Brexit learn in the United Arab Emirates?

Definitely the free trade zone of Dubai called DIFC is a lesson that the United Kingdom must study. It is possible that this is one of the lessons that could help boost the competitiveness of the pound sterling. It is time for us to project lessons learned from Brexit in the United Arab Emirates and the roads they have charted in economic growth.

Post-contractual non-competition agreement

When a worker handles privileged information of the company, the signing of a non-competition agreement post-contractual. These agreements stipulate a period of time where the worker cannot contract with competing companies. Such agreements guarantee compensation during the pact period.

Case study of a post-contractual non-competition agreement

Recently the worker of a publishing company having gone to work in the competition kept collecting the compensation of the pact.

Compensation of the post-contractual non-competition pact represented 50% of the salary. The non-competition agreement would last one year from the end of the contract.

The terms of the aforementioned agreement established that the breach would lead to the following compensation:

  • Return of the pact money (monthly amount equivalent to 50% of the wages received)
  • Payment of 100% of the salaries of the last year of the contract.
  • Payment for damages.

The sentence

Given the circumstances, the Supreme Court considered several elements for its sentence:

  • The former worker having gone to work to the competition charged the compensation of the pact.
  • The company fully complied with the payments of the post-contractual non-competition agreement.
  • There was an increase in the cancellation of subscriptions. Which the company could not prove reliably was the product of the resignation of the editor.
  • Clause of the pact was considered abusive. The worker’s compensation was 50% for the duration of the pact of one year but its breach implied the return of 100% of the salaries of the last year.

The former worker in anticipation of the trial made the return of compensation before the start of the trial. However, he had already received said money and only did so under the anticipation of the respective trial.

This led the Spanish Supreme Court to condemn the former worker to pay:

  • The indemnities of the pact which had already been returned.
  • 50% of the salaries received during the last year before the cancellation of the contract and not 100% as indicated in the non contractual competition agreement.

We see the sentence as a balanced and mediating sentence. From this precedent we can extract the following lessons:

  • Compensation for non-compliance must be in proportion to the compensation of the pact itself for non-compliance with the worker.
  • To establish clauses of damages must have mechanisms to be able to measure or prove it

Post-contractual non-competition agreement are fundamental. These will prevent critical business information from going to competitors. If you need support for writing such agreements we can advise you.

Summary:

As we can see, we must be attentive and prepared for Brexit in the United Arab Emirates. The United Kingdom can take advantage of its special relationship with the United Arab Emirates to use its economy as a pivot and to learn. It is a stellar moment and an opportunity for the United Kingdom and its competitiveness.

If you would like advice for the elaboration of a non-competition agreement, contact Gustavo Mirabal Castro

Sources:

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/dubai-trade-opportunities/what-post-brexit-britain-could-learn/

 

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TV Series Damages

TV series Damages – Innovative legal drama

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Oct12

Legal dramas are one of the most important bastions of American TV. The average American is passionate about laws. That is why today we will talk about the TV series Damages that gathers the best of the legal drama on TV. One of the best series of recent times with a cast like no other

American culture revolves around laws and their compliance. Compliance with the law, the nature of lawyers, legal gaps and justice are recurring issues. In the middle of this, excellent actors such as Willian Shaftner (fundamental role in Boston Legal) are presented. Without a doubt, TV has become a bastion of “legal culture”.

One of the elements that becomes one of the protagonists of the series is time management. In one way or another we know how everything ends and how it starts, the series helps us fill in the “empty spaces”. With this the plot turns become the source of intrigue. “Who is who?” Is the question….

The protagonists of the TV series Damages

Here we must make a point and separate since in Damages we really talk about “the protagonist girls”. Not only that, we must talk about great actresses who are capable of transforming a normal and sublime experience. Next we will introduce the main characters.

TV Series Damages - The Protagonist
TV Series Damages – The Protagonist

 

Patty Hewes

Glenn Close
Glenn Close

Whose full name in the series is Patricia Hewes, she is the founding lawyer of the law firm around which the story revolves. Patty has her own code of ethics and justice. She doesn’t care about law, religion, politics or ethics when it comes to justice. If Patty Hawes thinks that justice must be done, she will do it, at any cost. Patricia Hewes’ character in the TV series Damages is played by the amazing Glenn Close.

All the reviews have been positive for the TV Damages series, but the most positive have been for Glenn Close. Next we will know why.

Glenn Close does not need introduction, but just in case we will make a brief review. Glenn Close was born on March 19, 1947. She is an American actress, singer and producer. She has performed in the theater but has stood out greatly for his work in the cinema. During the 70s and early 80s she was a theater actress for brodway, the mecca of the theater. Because of this she has won two Tony Awards, which are the equivalent of the “Oscar” prize for the theater.

In addition to the Tony Awards, she has been nominated 7 times for the Oscar for the following films:

  • The world according to Garp: Nominated for Best Supporting Actress. Glenn Close share screen with Robin Williams, Mary Beth Hurt and  John Lithgow. Jhon Lihgow was nominated for an Oscar as best supporting actor.
  • The Big Chill: Nominated for Best Supporting Actress
  • The Natural: Nominated for best supporting actress. Share cast with Robert Redford, Kim Basinger and Robert Duvall.
  • Fatal Attraction: Nominated for Best Actress
  • Dangerous Liasons: Nominated for Best Actress
  • Albert Noobs: Nominated for Best Actress
  • The Wife: Nominated for Best Actress
Close and Byrne Get Silly Over 'Damages'

Ellen Parsons

Rose Byrne
Rose Byrne

Ellen is a young lawyer recently graduated. The young lawyer starts working with Patty Hewes at the Hewes and Associates law firm. Her boyfriend is mysteriously murdered and Ellen is involved in her murder. The role of Ellen Parsons is played by Rose Byrne a talented actor. An excellent complement to the cast of the TV series Damages with Glenn Close in the lead.

Rose Byrne was born on July 24, 1979 and although she is young she has a great curriculum. Rose is Australian born in Sydney. She has acted in blockbusters such as X-Men First Generation and in independent films such as 28 days later. She has also worked in genres such as comedy, science fiction and drama.

Apart from the TV series Damages. In what movies has Rose Byrne appeared?

  • Marie Antoinette: In this film she develops the role of the Duchess of Polignac Yolande de Polastron. This was both in the film and in reality the best friend and favorite of Marie Antoinette.
  • 28 weeks later: Embodies the role of Major Scarlett Levy. She is the officer in charge of verifying the health status of citizens who arrive at the shelter weeks after the epidemic.
  • Insidious and Insidious: Chapter 2: Interprets Renai Lambert the wife of a marriage that is harassed by supernatural beings.
  • Sunshine: Interprets Cassie the pilot of the ship.
  • Knowing: Play Diana Wayland, the daughter of a girl who 50 years earlier generated a series of numbers that predicted catastrophic events. They have a daughter capable of perceiving hidden voices and messages just like her grandmother. Together they will have to discover what their future is.
  • Juliet, Naked: Rose plays Annie a girl who develops an affair with a singer who is her boyfriend’s musical obsession.
  • Get Him to the Greek: Byrne plays Jackie Q the partner of Aldous Snow. She will be the one who encourages him to stay drunk and leads him astray. Below is a video about its interpretation

  • X-Men: first generation and X-Men: Apocalypse: Play Dr. Moira MacTaggart. She is the great friend of Charles Xavier and at the same time her love of the past.
  • Spy: In this movie Rose Byrne plays the evil Rayna Boyanov. Rayna is a villain of Bulgarian origin who owns a nuclear bomb and wants to sell it to the highest bidder.

A look at the first season of the TV series Damages

In the first chapter of the series we see a young woman running full of blood and half-naked. We discovered that it is Ellen Parsons. Ellen’s boyfriend has been beaten to death in his apartment. Parsons is arrested as a suspect. Then the series takes us 6 months before the events. From there it will take us step by step through the events that led to the murder of Ellen’s boyfriend.

TV Series Damages Poster
TV Series Damages Poster

At the starting point you can see a young lawyer with a lot of potential and innocence deciding her future. He refuses to work with the excellent lawyer Hollis Nye to accept a job with Patty Hayes. Nye warns her that Patty will change her and be careful.

Could Patty’s cold and manipulative personality definitely change Ellen? Will that change be responsible for the death of her boyfriend?

The key to suspense lies in connecting two milestones in history. From that perspective we know how events begin and how they end. But we don’t know the chain of events that unite them. We do not know the emotional load and the responsibilities that weigh on each of the protagonists.

A series recommended by Gustavo Mirabal to understand the ethical and moral disputes of legal work. Also if you want read some triller legal visit our article about the master of the legal triller Jhon Grisham.

A series that you should not miss to know the distance between legality and ethics. Legality and ethics as two milestones of the same destination, becoming a lawyer …

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damages_(TV_series)

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights-3.1

Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Arab Emirates

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Oct09

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights represented the culmination of a process to establish the foundations of international law. Due to the events of the Second World War, in its last days a conference is established to establish rules of the game between nations. Its purpose is world peace and stability through the guarantee of human dignity. Learn more about this exciting topic, history and evolution.

Si quieres conocer sobre la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos en español visita el siguiente enlace:

Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos. Historia y preámbulo

However, the countries belonging to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (ICO) have had numerous objections to this declaration. The vision of Islamic countries is that the universal declaration of human rights corresponds to a “secular interpretation of Judeo-Christian tradition.” Likewise, in their opinion, the UDHR does not consider cultural and religious elements of non-Western states.

This is how in 1990, after many deliberations, 45 ICO ministers signed on behalf of their countries the Declaration of Human Rights in Islam. This document is also often referred to as the “Cairo Declaration”.

Later we will deepen the role of the “Cairo Declaration” and its function. But let’s start by knowing a little more about the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Birth of “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

Known as the San Francisco Conference between April 25 and June 26, 1945, 50 allied nationals gathered. Finally, the purpose of these nations was to establish an organism that avoided new world wars.

Upon completion of the conference, the creation of the Charter of the United Nations is achieved. This is how the signing of the United Nations letter on July 26, 45 laid the foundation for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Finally and thanks to the United Nations mechanism, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is signed on June 26, 1945

In the vote, only eight states, of the 58 member states, abstained. The states that abstained from voting were:

  • Saudi Arabia
  • Belarus
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Poland
  • South Africa
  • Ukraine
  • Soviet Union
  • Yugoslavia

In this way, the rights considered inalienable for human beings were reflected in a document of 30 articles. We will briefly discuss the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

 

The preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The reasons for establishing Human Rights should be clear. Legality establishes this type of prerogatives in order to avoid misinterpretation of the law. That is why the preamble speaks of the Why human rights? It is clear to us that the search for peace in the world and its stability is only possible with the search for the defense of human dignity.

This is how the preamble lays its foundations on the following precepts:

  1. The human family has equal and inalienable rights. That is why the recognition of these rights and their dignity is the basis for the freedom, justice and peace of the world.
  2. World wars and acts of barbarism of humanity throughout history have only been possible through ignorance and disregard of these rights. That is why it is considered essential to leave them established.
  3. The preamble states that the aspiration of humanity is a world free of misery and fear in which everyone enjoys freedom of speech and belief.
  4. The defense of human rights is a mechanism that protects the dignity of the human being. But the defense of human rights is also a way to avoid rebellions. The intention is to promote stability by avoiding the need for men to rebel against tyranny and oppressors.
  5. This common vision of the rights of human beings is the foundation for harmonious relations between nations.

Definitely the preamble of the Declaration of Human Rights has much to give. Next we will touch on other aspects of the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Connections of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Connections of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Other elements of the preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The signing of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights represented an advance for humanity. With it, the countries pledged to preserve certain common values, without specifying how. This puts us in a common goal for humanity. Here are some valuable elements of this Declaration:

  • Countries committed to respect such rights as the basis for the relationship between countries.
  • All signatory nations pledged to establish mechanisms for the “effective exercise” of these rights. This means that these rights are not a dead letter. Countries are required to present mechanisms to guarantee such rights.
  • It is reinforced at every point that this vision of Human Rights is a common vision. In this way there is no way to “shake” the commitment of his defense. The full fulfillment of their commitment is key to peace.

In one way or another in the preamble is the key to the commitment to the protection of human rights. Having a common vision of it is the source of agreement so that any deviation can be noticed and corrected. Beyond the possibility of excessive deviation is limited by the vision of the rest. A straitjacket to make its implantation really effective.

We must be content that the nations reached this point. This way massive injustices are avoided just as we can avoid a new world war. The human being is not above others to subject him to treatment that does not correspond to human rights.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights

 

Impact of human rights in today’s world

This common vision has put obstacles to tyrannical and pseudo-democratic regimes. If we are going to see many countries have problems in one other aspect of human rights. However, the common perspective of human rights puts great obstacles to non-democratic forms of government.

Human rights have changed the landscape of the world. Although they have been manipulated at times, you cannot fail to recognize the progress they mean. An agreement on the rights of human beings on a global level tells us about a sense of universal and global humanity.

This common vision is the key to the advancement of humanity in a joint direction. Human rights will lay the foundation for a peaceful future where all nations can contribute to the realization of civilization.

Quality of Care based on Human Rights Principles
Quality of Care based on Human Rights Principles

Some of the elements that will allow progress and realization of human rights are:

  • It is guaranteed that men are born free and equal. We are all part of the “human family.” It stops dehumanizing the other who is not and / or does not think like me.
  • The possibility of acts of barbarity based on the disregard of human rights is cut off.
  • Guarantee of education as a means of liberation and equality among men.
  • Human rights are a way of giving stability to governments. Their contempt is the key to economic and political instability.
Everybody (subtitled)

What is the status of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in countries of Islam?

As we have said, the criticisms by the governments of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation have to do with their cultural and religious context. However, the incorporation of many of these nations into the modern world in conjunction with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has led to a reinterpretation of their traditions.

Many countries have abandoned practices such as corporal punishment, stoning among others. This has been the product of an internalization of a new reality. The less punitive interpretation of Sharia has led to a modification of the legality in Islamic countries.

Also the Cairo Declaration or Declaration of Human Rights in Islam have served to make visible the deviant interpretations of Sharia in some countries. In this way the Declaration of Human Rights in Islam serves as a guide for the application of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Gradually in each country and culture, human rights take relevance to go to the recognition of human dignity. And the recognition of human dignity framed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is a guarantee of stability and peace.

Gustavo Mirabal believes that it is important to know the reality and progress of Human Rights in the United Arab Emirates. There he has established his new office in Dubai and wishes you to know his progress. The Arab emirate Dubai has made progress in economic, financial and legal matters.

In future issues we will deepen each of the articles that make up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. We hope this is one of the issues that gain importance little by little. All nations are obliged to promote human rights through education. We put our grain of sand. Until the next issue.

 

Sources

https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/

 

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Gunnevera Horse

Remembering Venezuelan victories: Gunnevera in Dubai.

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Oct08

Venezuela yielding victories in world riding through its riders, coaches and horses. This time Gunnevera was a thoroughbred sorrel owned by Venezuelan Antonio Sano. He competed on March 30 at the Dubai World Cup at the Maydan racecourse. But before telling the excellent results, let’s talk a little about Gunnevera.

The equine, born on February 28, 2014, participated in one of the most important fair of his career, the 2000 meter race, belonging to the G1 distance category.

The event was held at the Meydan Racecourse and this horse already had good expectations.

Everyone involved, the owner of the horse, Salomón del Valle, his coach, Antonio Sano, as his usual rider, Javier Castellano, felt proud of the animal and the work they developed with him.

Gunnevera and good billing

At the time of the event Gunnevera had a record of, 20-6, with a production of $ 4,361,800, his last victory before the World Cup Dubai won on August 10, 2018 in an Allowance of Gulsftream Park.

These are all the antecedents with which Gunnevera took Meydan for the second time.

Gunnevera - 2016 Saratoga Special Stakes

Strong injury to Gunnevera

In 2018, the participation of this horse in several fair events was overshadowed due to an unfortunate injury he suffered in the race.

But as the saying goes: “new year new life”, the horse is very good and healthy. He’s back with everything for 2019 full of victories.

Revenge is breathed in the environment as well as the desire to recover lost time.

So his fans are already waiting for this copy of his best in Dubai to come home with the victory.

Famous riders have ridden it

Due to his skills and charisma this horse has been ridden by several famous riders. Among them the winners of the Eclipse Award, Mike Smith, Javier Castellano and Irad Ortiz Jr.

This horse has participated in the Kentucky Derby of 2017, as well as, in the last two editions of the Breeders´Cup Classic G1 and in the first one, he equals fourth place with the Arrogate Champion.

Mike Smith and Jose Ortiz Jr Gunnavera 's jockeys
Mike Smith and Jose Ortiz Jr Gunnavera ‘s jockeys

About horse owners

Gunnevera is a son of Dialed In in Undbridled Rage by Undbridled.

Salomon del Valle, owner of the horse, buys this copy for a total amount of $ 16,000 during an auction.

Investment that has recovered and with ample profit, since the horse has already produced more than one million dollars in prizes in favor of Stud Peacock Racing Satbles LLC, also of Venezuelans.

Races won by Gunnevera

Among the races won by Sano’s horse are the Fountain of Youth.

As is known, this fair represents one of the emblematic classics on the route to the Kentucky Derby.

Triumph with which Gunnevera ensures the advance to the Kentucky Derby, first gem of the Triple Crown of the United States.

The victory of this horse raised by Venezuelans is recorded under an important scenario since the animal completes the 1,700 meter course with a great feat.

As usual, Gunnevera, lags behind at the start of the race, while Three Rules comes out with great force and is chased by the favorite Irish War Cry.

Contrary to what happened at the Holly Bull Stakes, in which Gunnevera finishes second, the rider Javier Castellano makes him finish off the outside since they stepped on land of the final 700 meters.

And the counterattack begins.

Gunnevera responds immediately to the demands of the Zulian jockey and in the post of the 500 was fourth two lengths of the pointers.

“Already in the right matches them and in the final 250 meters passes with comfort to finish defining with a comfortable victory of seven bodies in their favor on Practical Joke, who got second and Three Rules that endured the third,” says the portal of Meridiano Sports.

As you can see, it has been Javier Castellano who has achieved his greatest potential.

Javier Castellano Gunnevera 's Jockey
Javier Castellano Gunnevera ‘s Jockey

Two years after Gunnevera’s debut

Gunnevera makes his track debut on June 10, 2016, in an inaugural race at Gulfstream Park, finishing second behind the future winner of Three Rules bets.

In his next commitment culminates in the fourth position. Again behind Three Rules, in Birdonthewire Stakes.

By July 16, he breaks his maiden by rallying in a special single-weight race in Gulfstream.

After this, his coach, Antonio Sano, transfers him to the company of graduated bets at Saratoga Special Stakes on August 14, where he wins after a move from last to first.

“Everything went very well, we had a perfect trip,” said rider Javier Castellano. “In the long term, it will be a very good horse.”

Later Gunnevera finishes in fifth place behind the two-year-old champion, Classic Empire, in Gr.I Breeders ‘Futurity Stakes.

In his final start as a youth, he found the winners circle in the Delta Downs Jackpot Stakes.

3 year season

Gunnevera made his three-year debut at the Holy Bull Stakes Grade II on February 4, 2017, finishing second behind Irish War Cry but ahead of the favorite Classic Empire, who finished third.

After this, Gunnevera manages to win the Fountain of Youth at its next start, defeating the multiple winner of Gr.I, Practical Joke, Three Rules and Irish War Cry.

The victory placed Gunnevera as one of the first favorites in 2017, on the way to the Kentucky Derby.

In his last race of preparation for the Derby, he finishes in a distant third place behind the rising star Always Dreaming in the Florida Derby, despite the close of the campaign.

During the Derby, with Javier Castellano on his back, he settles with a probability of 15-1 in the field of 20 horses.

But, on race day, he finishes seventh after being trapped in traffic at various points in the race.

In his next commitment to the Preakness Stakes, Gunnevera was led by Mike E. Smith after Castellano chose to ride Cloud Computing, with whom he won the race.

While Gunnevera finishes fifth, but leaves the race with bleeding in the left hind leg and does not start at the Belmont stakes.

Difficult tests for Gunnevera

On August 26, 2017, Gunnevera makes his next start at Grade I Travers Stakes in Saratoga. He was fired widely with 20-1 odds in the morning row in a field of nine qualified stake winners, including the winners of the three Triple Crown races.

After being hit hard at the start, Gunnevera is dropped backwards during the first half mile before starting a run on the opposite straight.

Suddenly, he makes a wide turn in the last turn and moves towards the containment in the middle of stretching while leaning and hitting with Irap, who finished third.

This way Gunnevera finishes second, then resists an investigation by administrators about interference with Irap

4 year season

This horse continues to give good results during 2018, despite having been injured. A sports portento that would be to continue harvesting.

And it is that during a race in Gulfstream Park he manages to take the victory again. That demonstrated that it was able to overcome.

Thus, the pupil of Venezuelan coach Antonio Sano marks his return to the track, this time under the chair of the Puerto Rican rider Edgard Zayas.

The 4-year-old horse reaped his sixth victory in 17 presentations for Margoth stud, exceeding $ 3 million in production.

Latin victories in the Dubai World Cup

In the history of the Dubai World Cup there have been several victories of Latinos that have marked milestones. Here are some:

  • In 204, the rider from Panama, Alex Solís, was the first Latin rider to win this event at the Dubai World Cup.
  • For the year 2007, the Argentinian-Uruguayan horse Invasor was the first South American horse to win the Dubai competition.

A good place for Gunnevera in the Dubai World Cup

Finally, 2019 has been an excellent year for Gunnevera. After achieving his full recovery on March 30, 2019 he participated in the Dubai World Cup. The participation of the horse is one of the best lifts we can remember to the best international places.

Gunnevera Achieves third place in the Dubai World Cup in a competition that distributed 12 million dollars. Gunnavera achieves a cash prize of 1.2 million dollars just having completed his five years of service. Recall that Gunnavera was born on February 28, 2014.

In this way Gunnevera manages to total a collection in prizes for 5,561,800. A single race to get 20% of your collection, not bad.

Below we share a video about the victory of this great horse, Venezuelan pride:

2019 Dubai World Cup Race Replay

 

Sources:

https://www.gustavomirabal.es/dubai/gunnevera-asistira-a-dubai/

If you want to know more about Gustavo Mirabal or Legal Word, go to:

https://gustavomirabal.ae/
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https://www.pinterest.es/pin/642114859350359734/
https://www.pinterest.com/gustavomirabalcastro/
https://www.facebook.com/492119137931001/posts/545764639233117/
https://www.wattpad.com/story/129398546-g-c-farm-gustavo-mirabal-castro-en-venezuela
https://gustavomirabalcastro.online/
https://gustavomirabalcastro2.wordpress.com/acerca-de/

Dubai Skyscraper

Dubai a wonderful place to visit and invest

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Oct07

“Gustavo Mirabal Castro in Dubai” Series – Issue # 1: Planet Earth is full of wonderful places. In many cases, men artificially created these dream spaces. This is just what happens with Dubai thus making it a tourist destination par excellence. From this transformative perspective we will address all aspects related to this magical place.

Si deseas ver una versión de este artículo en español por favor visita el siguiente enlace:

Dubái un lugar maravilloso

Dubai is part of the seven Emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates. This wonderful city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf, in the Arabian desert.

The city is a sign that when an organized society wants to succeed it can do so. Well, today Dubai is a city that in terms of tourism is highly valued by tourists and businessmen.

Due to the above and more, the Venezuelan Gustavo Mirabal Castro has made the right decision to set up a branch of his prestigious law firm on that site.

DUBAI CITY TOUR - BEST VISIT PLACES (HD)

Actions limited by city legislation

In Dubai, legislation in accordance with Islamic law is practiced. Islamic law is also known as Sharia. Its application is extremely strict and is one of the points we should consider so as not to offend its culture.

Its legislation admits the death penalty and therefore transgressions of the law can be punished even with life. Other milder transgressions such as signs of affection in public are grounds for deportation. From the cultural point of view there are countries that criticize this legislation. It is important to consider that this is your law and whoever wishes to visit Dubai must adapt to it.

In the case of prostitution it is classified as a transgression, in this sense it is punished with the full weight of the law. This behavior is generally less accepted in other countries.

The inhabitants of Dubai are prohibited from drinking alcoholic beverages. In the case of foreigners, they must request a permit to consume this type of beverage.

As for the way of dressing, they also maintain their strict rules as there are specific standards to meet in the city as such.

As we can see in this Emirate, taking into account the law is very important. In addition, they watch over Dubai for faithful compliance with the law.

Dubai Laws
Dubai Laws

Economic aspects of the city of Dubai

As regards the economy, The geographical location of Dubai gives it certain advantages over the rest of the Emirates. Additionally, Dubai established a very attractive fiscal policy for foreign investment.

On the other hand, the economic stability that Dubai is enviable and also has a large number of large-scale infrastructure projects. Hence they have positioned themselves as an international business Emirate.

In relation to its Gross Domestic Product, it has maintained an annual development of approximately 3% since 2010.

For the year 2017, its nominal gross domestic product was 111.79 billion dollars. This volume of revenue accounts for about one third of that of the entire country. However, the revenue from Dubai derived from the oil industry has reduced its share of total revenues since 2000.

This more than a problem is something remarkable. Duba more than decrease oil revenues, has managed to raise its income in other sectors such as tourism and air transport.

On the other hand, the construction segment and the real estate sector have a huge financial impact on the famous Arab Emirate. They also collect most of the state investments. Another segment of great relevance in the economic aspect of Dubai is aviation. Well, this contributes approximately 30% to the Gross Domestic Product of that Emirate.

Dubai Skyscraper
Dubai Skyscraper

Advantages that make Dubai the operations center of Gustavo Mirabal

One of the main attractions for foreign investors in this place are free trade places. Thus places like Dubai Media City, Knowledge Village and Maritime City attract more investments every day. In addition to this, it has the fiscal management of the Emirate in the direction of international trade. This has helped make today a site with great economic firmness.

Finally, and to complement the attractions for foreign investment, a 0% tax regime was established for the private business sector. In addition, Dubai allows 100% repatriation of capital.

The fiscal, geographical and capital repatriation advantages make Dubai an international economic center. It is ready for Gustavo Mirabal to manage your family assets with the best advantages.

Dubai tourist explosion

Dubai is one of the dream destinations for most. It has a great boom and the development that has been experiencing for a few years ago puts it among one of the most desired luxury destinations. In relation to the role that tourism has played in the region’s economy it has been remarkable. Hence, every day is consolidated as a very attractive tourist destination. This due to the political, economic and sociocultural context that prevails on the site.

Successful driving of the site has brought as a positive effect the investment in various construction sites such as the Burj Al Arab hotel in 1999.

The statistics are very positive because they show the growth trend of tourism in Dubai. A historic milestone was fulfilled in 2012, since the place exceeded ten million foreign visitors. While for 2018 the figure above 15.9 million tourists was far exceeded.

In 20 years, Dubai went from being a tourist unknown to being one of the most important sites of luxury tourism

Therefore, there is an expectation that for the 2020 Expo this figure will break record in the history of that city. The tourists mostly come from countries such as India, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, China and Oman.

Of the most relevant activities of this Emirate is commerce. That is why it is listed as “The shopping capital of the Middle East”

Dubai Mall
Dubai Mall

The connection of Dubai with the United Kingdom and its tourism

The emirate has historical roots that bring it closer to the United Kingdom as the Emirate was an English colony for many years. This is how thanks to this connection the special laws and their liberal economies are so similar.

Based on the above, you can see the so-called free zones in the city. In addition to the current fiscal policies that provide the advantage of buying luxurious products at possible prices.

One of the attractions par excellence in the area are the different outdoor fairs. As well as the Dubai Mall, which is famous for being the largest shopping center in the world.

Transportation in the center of the economy of Dubai

One of the points that has been very important for Dubai and its economy is its geographical location. This is how its location nestled in the Middle East and as a bridge between Europe and Asia have made it privileged. Its airline “Emirates” is in the top ten of the airlines worldwide.

That is why the city of Dubai could not be less and that is why they decided to place one of the world’s surface transport systems, the Palm Jumeirah Metro in Dubai.

DUBAI MONORAIL Ride | DRIVERLESS Train!! | The Best View of PALM ISLAND 🏝 🔥🔥🔥

Palm Jumeirah Metro

This splendid and modern transport system began in 2009. It is said that the Dubai metro is avant-garde since it is one of the most modern public transport systems in the region.

This meter consists of several phases that are mentioned below:

  • First line: it is the red one with an extension of 52 km and that formed the first stage of the automated network.
  • Second line: it is the green one which was opened in 2010 with a branch of 20 km.
  • The other lines are in the construction stage and are called purple and blue.
  • It is predicted that when the project is complete, it will be the largest metro network in the Arabian peninsula.
  • The Gateway Station, Ittihad Park Station, Atlantis Aquaventure Station stations are currently open.

The monorail of Palma Jumeirah in Dubai is a transport that connects the homonymous island with the mainland. This was opened to the public in April 2009, so it has been running for more than two decades. This was a milestone in the Emirates region. It currently transports more than 3000 passengers a day and is a great tourist attraction.

As we have seen Dubai is one of those places to visit and learn about other cultures. Also a place to know what is capable of doing proper economic management. That is why Gustavo Mirabal has decided to bet on establishing an international operations headquarters in Dubai. Get to know it.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai

If you want to know more about Gustavo Mirabal or Legal Word, go to:

https://gustavomirabal.ch

 

El rol del Derecho Canónico

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Oct06

El rol del Derecho Canónico

Dentro de las múltiples vertientes del derecho se encuentra el Derecho Canónico. Ahora bien, el termino de Derecho Canónico proviene del griego κανον kanon,  cuyo significado es  norma o medida.

De tal manera que se puede definir el Derecho Canónico como una ciencia jurídica que conforma un segmento específico dentro del derecho con el propósito de estudiar y desplegar la regulación jurídica de la Iglesia católica.

Bajo esta perspectiva  comprenden tres nociones que han causado debate acerca de su consideración a lo largo de la historia hasta la actualidad. Entre ellas podemos mencionar los siguientes elementos: su finalidad, su carácter jurídico y su autonomía científica.

La iglesia católica  desde sus comienzos ha sido sumamente organizada al punto de contar con sus propias normas jurídicas. De allí que se denomine como Derecho Canónico  puesto que sus fundamentales raíces legales vienen de los cánones o acuerdos conciliares.

En efecto, el Derecho Canónico compone un ordenamiento jurídico. A partir de esta premisa cuentan con sus propios tribunales, abogados, jurisprudencia, dos códigos plenamente modulados e inclusive con elementos generales del derecho.

Según el canonista Ferreres, define el Derecho Canónico de la siguiente manera:

“El conjunto de leyes dadas por Dios, o por la potestad eclesiástica, por las cuales se ordena la constitución, régimen y disciplina de la Iglesia Católica”.

Como bien podemos observar la explicación anterior la norma jurídica de la Iglesia católica es muy singular. Además esta religión suele ser una de las principales a nivel mundial.

Derecho Canónico: al servicio de la Iglesia

 

Historia del Derecho Canónico

  • A lo largo de la historia que conlleva el Derecho Canónico como tal se derivan los denominados  cánones de los concilios que  se completan con decretos papales. De allí forman varios compendios como el Liber Extra, el Liber Sextus  y las Clementinas. Estos  van desde el año 1234 hasta el 1317 aproximadamente.
  • Luego en el periodo comprendido entre los años 1140 y 1142 el célebre Graciano escribió la Concordia discordantium canonum. Esta se conoce como Decreto de Graciano, una obra que tiene como fin ajustar la aglomeración de cánones existentes desde tiempo atrás, entre estos difieren en su contenido.
  • Consecutivamente, se constituyó una compilación nombrada Corpus Iuris Canonici, que contenía las seis primordiales obras canónicas públicas. Esta compuesta entre 1140 y 1503. A partir de allí fue aplicada hasta la publicación del Código de Derecho Canónico de 1917.
  • A partir del siglo XX  se comienza un proceso de compilación de todo el material existente de normas que era complicado de entender.  En efecto, el primer  Código de Derecho Canónico  se divulgó por  Benedicto XV en el año 1917.
  • Por último el Código de Derecho Canónico es el que se encuentra vigente en la actualidad. Este fue promovido por el Sumo Pontifice Juan Pablo II en la década de los 80. Este se conforma por un total de siete tratados, que hablan de diversos temas.
  • Entre el temario que aborda el Código de Derecho Canónico están: Las normas generales, el pueblo de Dios, la función de enseñar de la Iglesia, las funciones de santificar a la Iglesia, los bienes temporales de la Iglesia, las sanciones en la Iglesia y los procesos.
  • Las Ramas del derecho canónico son las que se mencionan a continuación: constitucional, fundamental, administrativo, penal, procesal, sacramental y matrimonial.
Historia del Derecho Canónico
Historia del Derecho Canónico

Campo de aplicación del Derecho Canónico

A medida que han transcurridos los años este ámbito de las leyes se dedica única y exclusivamente a lo que le compete la estructura de la iglesia católica. No obstante en  la edad media, tenía facultad sobre los temas del orden civil. Entre ellos el matrimonio, divorcio, sucesiones, entre otros. Sin embargo, hoy en día ya estos temas están enmarcados en las leyes del estado. El único que sigue estando bajo su potestad es el matrimonio por la iglesia.

De allí que dejó de aplicarse en los estados protestantes, desde la reforma. Además, en la generalidad de los católicos, en la etapa del siglo XIX.

En este sentido el autor  Radbruch manifiesta lo siguiente:

“el derecho eclesiástico empezó siendo un derecho de la Iglesia para el mundo”, terminando por ser “un derecho de la Iglesia para la Iglesia”.

En definitiva esta área del derecho se afinca exclusivamente en lo relacionado a la iglesia de allí. Fuera de este espectro no tiene mucho sentido.

Universalidad

El derecho canónico es universal, porque afecta a todo el Pueblo de Dios. Este se determina por la unidad de su categorización basada en el propósito de Cristo. Así mismo,  los medios de salvación y un máximo ente rector como lo es el Papa y el Colegio episcopal.

Además,  la diversidad  y no uniformidad que se muestra en el derecho específico de las diferentes partes del Pueblo de Dios. Tiene una gran flexibilidad y facultad de ajuste a los distintos contextos.

El derecho de la Iglesia tiene en su propio espacio totalidad de capacidad. Pues no hay materia correspondida con el fin de la Iglesia a la que no pueda dar una medida jurídica, y de soberanía, porque no depende de un ordenamiento superior.

Es un derecho con un esencial carácter pastoral. De allí que todas los organismos se rigen al fin de la resguardo de las almas.

Código de Derecho Canónico
Código de Derecho Canónico

En síntesis

Podemos ver como a lo largo del tiempo se han escrito obras acerca del Derecho Canónico. De esta evolución se tiene el efecto de que sea más entendible para las personas que se rigen por este. En especial las personas que componen la estructura de la iglesia católica a nivel mundial. Siendo el máximo ente rector en esta materia el vaticano presidido por el sumo pontífice o como también suele llamarse el Papa.

Entonces allí se definen los deberes y derechos así como las infracciones en caso de cometer algún tipo de falta que está contemplada allí. Realmente esta debería ir evolucionando en la medida de los cambios que se van presentando en la actualidad.

 

Fuentes consultadas:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derecho_can%C3%B3nico

http://www.enciclopedia-juridica.com/d/derecho-can%C3%B3nico/derecho-can%C3%B3nico.htm

http://www.lexicon-canonicum.org/materias/introduccion-y-parte-general/derecho-canonico/

Para más información visita:

Gustavo Mirabal Castro en WordPress.com

gustavomirabalcastro.online

https://www.gustavomirabal.es/gustavo-mirabal/gustavo-mirabal-mirando-al-futuro-en-dubai-emiratos-arabes/

Linkedin Gustavo Mirabal

https://www.flickr.com/people/161015276@N06/

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https://www.wattpad.com/story/129398546-g-c-farm-gustavo-mirabal-castro-en-venezuela

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Legalidad de las apuestas en los Estados Unidos

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Oct05

Legalidad de las apuestas en los Estados Unidos

Como sabemos en muchos países lo relacionado a las apuestas está totalmente prohibido. Mientras que en uno de los países potencia del mundo como lo es Estados Unidos cuentan con el aval jurídico correspondiente. De allí la gran importancia de abordar la Legalidad de las apuesta en los Estados Unidos.

Cabe resaltar que el tema de las apuestas es sumamente delicado si la persona que participa en estos juegos de azar no se controla. En consecuencia, puede resultar adicto y desbordase en su economía viéndose afectado gravemente. De allí que si alguien desea experimentar una diversión de este tipo debe mantener autocontrol de sí mismo para mantener el equilibrio.

Trayectoria de las apuestas en los Estados Unidos

  • En el transcurso del año 1951 la ciudad de Las Vegas se quedó con la concesión exclusiva de las apuestas en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Esta metrópoli dio sus primeros pasos en este ámbito luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tomo como ventaja su ubicación geográfica que lo favorecía. cabe resaltar que estas actividades eran ilegales en ese momento. Por ende podían ser sancionados por las leyes de dicho país.
  • Posteriormente para la década de los 70 se dio apertura al casino Unión Plaza dirigido por Bob Martin. Siendo este uno de los máximos referentes de la industria de los juegos de azar. Por otro lado este tenía un rol de suma importancia pues era quien determinaba el monto de las apuestas.
  • Luego se unió el fabuloso Stardust, que fue todo un hito en la historia de los juegos de azar y de las apuestas en ala denominados ciudad del pecado. Allí estuvo presente el hotel y casino más grandioso de Las Vegas.

Nueva Jersey como impulsor de una legislación en materia de apuestas

Uno de los estados que encontraba urgido por unas leyes que regularan el tema de las apuestas fue Nueva Jersey. Esta decisión va en función de que allí para ese momento existían unos cuantos casinos, pero nada comparado con la magnitud de Las Vegas.

A partir del año 2012 esta lucha la emprendió  el demócrata Phil Murphy  por lo que paso por todos los niveles del sistema judicial del país. A tal punto que la elevaron al máximo en ente en materia de justicia para una decisión

Nueva Jersey como tal se ha caracterizado por ser activo en el ámbitos de los juegos de azar. Además ve como algo positivo la idea de legalizarlo pues los impuestos contribuyen a los fondos de ahorros del gobierno

Una referencia que tiene New Jersey en materia de juegos de azar y de apuestas en los Estados Unidos es que fue el prime en darle un marco legal al juego de poker en línea.

Año 2018 un hito en la legislación de los Estados Unidos

El año 2018 sin duda alguna dio un salto en sus leyes puesto que le dio legalidad a los juegos de azar y a las apuestas en el país. En cierta manera el gobierno ve como positivo este segmento dedicado a la distracción de millones de usuarios pues los dividendos que genera hacen que estos cancelen al estado grandes sumas de impuestos.

En cuanto la corte suprema de Justicia de los Estados Unidos aprobó la legalidad de las apuestas en los Estados Unidos. Por ende, la mayoría de los estados se activaron a crear leyes y normativas jurídicas dirigidas a este sector.

La opinión de los expertos de la compañía Telsey Advisory Group, afirman que las apuestas ilegales movilizan en el país grandes sumas de dinero. Por lo que se estima un aproximado de 400.000 millones de dólares.

Como tal siempre seguirá existiendo  un mercado negro. No obstante,  los distintos estados tienen la expectativa que gran parte de ese monto aparezca con el mercado reglamentado.

La gran gloria de Nueva Jersey y otros estados que razonaban que la anuencia de  las apuestas deportivas era una manera de promover el turismo y los impuestos. Este éxito lo logro el año pasado después de una lucha de muchos años.  Además,  no solo se benefició este territorio sino es resto de los estados que conforman el país.

Murphy expresa lo siguiente en relación a la decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia:

“Estoy encantado de ver que la Corte Suprema finalmente se alía con Nueva Jersey y anula la prohibición arbitraria de las apuestas deportivas impuesta por el Congreso hace décadas”

Legalidad de las apuestas en otros países

Hasta hace poco la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Estados Unidos dio luz verde a la legalización de las apuestas. Anteriormente  las apuestas podían eran ilegales y aun siendo ilegales existían zonas dentro del territorio que si estaban autorizadas.

Por otro lado en otros países tales como Singapur, Suecia y Canadá, la casa de apuestas legal es sólo posesión del estado. Por lo que esta rige lo relacionado al aval jurídico que estas tienen. Es curioso ver como estos países cuentan con sitios dedicados a los juegos del azar y las apuestas auspiciados por el mismo gobierno.

estas acciones probablemente las asumen de esta manera para asegurar la captación de los impuestos que van dirigidos a las arcas de dichos países.

En síntesis:

La decisión del sistema judicial en materia de apuestas y juegos de azar es la recompensa del esfuerzo y la determinación de Murphy por lograr su objetivo. Además de que son muchos los estados que se beneficiarán con tal decisión. En este sentido las apuestas son legales en todo el territorio o al menos en gran parte de este.

Sin embargo, para nadie es un secreto que todo lo relacionado con juegos de azar y apuestas se puede derivar en casos de adicción donde las personas afectadas suelen perder no solo los bienes materiales, sino su trabajo, familia, amigos… Por lo que si en algún momento deciden probar este tipo de diversiones deben tener claro las posibles consecuencias.

 

 

Fuentes Consultadas:

https://www.elindependiente.com/politica/2018/05/19/apuestas-legales-eeuu/

https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2018/05/15/las-apuestas-deportivas-podran-ser-legales-en-estados-unidos-segun-la-corte-suprema/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corredor_de_apuestas

Para más información visita:

Gustavo Mirabal Castro en WordPress.com

gustavomirabalcastro.online

https://www.gustavomirabal.es/gustavo-mirabal/gustavo-mirabal-mirando-al-futuro-en-dubai-emiratos-arabes/

Linkedin Gustavo Mirabal

https://www.flickr.com/people/161015276@N06/

https://www.instagram.com/gustavomirabal.es

https://bit.ly/2Y63L9v 

https://www.gustavomirabal.es/category/gustavo-mirabal/

https://www.wattpad.com/story/129398546-g-c-farm-gustavo-mirabal-castro-en-venezuela

https://www.facebook.com/GustavoMirabalC/posts/545764639233117

 

 

 

Alcances de las normas jurídicas

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Oct03

El primer efecto de la norma general  es imponer en su receptor el deber de ajustar a ella su actuación. Cuando tal conducta se realiza tiene lugar el acatamiento de la norma. Por ello puede instituirse como principio general  que el cumplimiento de la norma es inexcusable. Por ello se dice que el desconocimiento de la ley no son excusas de no cumplirlas. De allí la importancia de que la población conozca de estas. De allí la importancia de abordar en esta entrega el deber de cumplimiento de las normas jurídicas.

2.1 Integración de las normas jurídicas

 

El deber de cumplimiento de las normas jurídicas

En principio es importante que el niño desde temprana edad aprenda a respetar las reglas establecidas por sus padres en el hogar. Seguidamente este las cumplirá en la escuela para ser partícipe de una convivencia armoniosa en el ámbito escolar. En efecto se estará formando un ciudadano respetuoso y que se adecue a vivir respetando las leyes de su país.

En este sentido, se crearan ciudadanos conscientes de sus deberes y derechos. Por lo que son estos los que dan un gran aporte en el sitio donde les toque desempeñarse como en la familia, el trabajo entre otros. Siendo así estará cumpliendo cabalmente.

Una norma jurídica es una orden dirigir a la disposición de la actuación del hombre prescrita por una autoridad cuya infracción puede llevar a una sanción. Habitualmente, impone deberes y confiere derechos. ​

Por otro laso la norma jurídica tiene una doble naturaleza. Por un lado es un mandato del Estado, directo o indirecto. Así mismo de un juicio de conducta, una correspondencia establecida entre dos o más ideas. Tal juicio es condicional o hipotético, porque la aserción o negación que implica está subordinada a una situación.

Relación entre ordenamiento jurídico y norma

La correspondencia entre ordenamiento jurídico y la norma es la que existe entre el todo y una parte. Es de carácter cuantitativo. El ordenamiento jurídico está constituido por el conjunto de las normas jurídicas. No obstante,  la ley es un tipo de norma jurídica. Cabe resaltar que no todas las normas son leyes

Puesto que se categorizan como normas jurídicas los reglamentos, órdenes ministeriales, decretos y cualquier acto administrativo que forje deberes y derechos.

Por otro lado también entran en la categoría de normas jurídicas las que derivan de actos y contratos celebrados entre exclusivos. O entre particulares e instituciones de carácter  público cuando actúan como personales. Esto en función de las órdenes de Derecho privado.

La norma gestiona que no se incumplan las condiciones y normas de convivencia. Además, que no se deterioren bienes jurídicos.  De allí que la  sanción tiene en cuenta a la suspicacia en general.

 

Clasificación de las normas jurídicas

Existen varias clasificaciones de las normas entre ellas se encuentra la de la voluntad del sujeto

Las Normas imperativas: Estas exigen independientemente de la voluntad del individuo.

Las Normas dispositivas: Obligan cuando no se halla una voluntad expresa en inverso del sujeto.

Ahora bien, también se encuentran las normas dentro de la categorización hartiana. Según el autor Hart considera que lo que discrepa al Derecho de otros métodos normativos es que está constituido por otros sistemas de normas: primarias y secundarias.

En principio se encuentran las Normas secundaria estas tienen por objeto la atribución de potestades. Las normas secundarias se implantan para enmendar los defectos que sufre un sistema de derecho en el cual existan únicamente las normas primarias.

Entre estos menoscabos se encuentran los siguientes:   la falta de certeza, que se corrige por las normas de reconocimiento. Además, la inmovilidad, que se enmienda por razón de la norma de cambio y  la ineficacia, que se busca  destacar por medios de las normas de adjudicación.

Se encuentra dentro de esta categoría las Normas primarias que son las pautas de conducta, las normas de comportamiento del ser humano. Estas son muy enfáticas en cuanto que consideran como impedido, autorizado y obligatorio. Por esta razón, a partir de estas  normas se derivan  deberes y crean obligaciones.

Por último se encuentran las Normas de cambio estas son las normas que nos muestran cómo pueden anularse total o en parte las normas del ordenamiento jurídico. Además establece cómo es posible cambiarlas y cómo implantar nuevas normas jurídicas.

Los receptores de las normas jurídicas en el caso de España

Estos son los que a la final están sujetos al cumplimiento de las leyes en un dicho país. De allí que la técnica tradicional de decreto de las Leyes e4xpresa lo siguiente:

“A todos los que la presente vieren y entendieren, sabed […]”; cerrándose al final del texto de la Ley con las siguientes palabras: “Por tanto, mando a todos los españoles, particulares y autoridades, que guarden y hagan guardar esta Ley”.

En razón de lo anterior expuesto se tiene lo siguiente  a pesar  de que en su preámbulo parece que la Ley solamente se emplearía a los subordinados que la logran deducir. No obstante, en la siguiente frase de la fórmula expresa que son todos los españoles los que quedan afines por la Ley en cuestión, la entiendan o no.

Es decir que independientemente que la conozcan o no si cometen una infracción va a ser sancionados con la misma severidad que los que si tiene conocimiento de esta.  Lo ideal es que las principales leyes las discutan en los espacios educativos y así la población esta empoderada en relación a las distintas normas jurídicas que rigen a España.

El desconocimiento de la ley

Acá en te punto se hace un poco complejo lo que es cometer un error por desconocimiento de las normas jurídicas. Las personas que tienen conocimiento de la mayoría de las leyes de un país son los abogados. Estos estudian una carrera de cinco años y más para obtener tan profundo conocimiento. Incluso las leyes difieren de un país a otro, es decir lo que valido en uno no necesariamente lo es en otro. Sin embargo, para el ciudadano común no es razonable conocer todas las leyes a no ser que una o varias en particular le interesen.

Por otro lado hay normas generales que por sentido común las personas la deben respetar y cumplir. Un ejemplo común son las leyes de tránsito terrestre tanto los peatones como los conductores la deben de cumplir en el caso del semáforo. De forma recíproca se deben respetar el uno al otro.

Si el semáforo está en rojo y el conductor avanza sin respetar el derecho de cruzar de los peatones podría estar en graves problemas puesto que está infringiendo la norma y está por sentido común todo el mundo las conoce.

Mientras que otros casos más complejos donde realmente la persona se ha equivocado e igual es sancionado.

En definitiva la norma se aplicará, sea conocida o no por el individuo en cuestión.

En síntesis…

Si se desea que la población de un determinado país cumpla al máximo las leyes se debe promover en la medida de lo posible la divulgación de las leyes de una forma que las personas la logren entender. Tomando en cuenta que la población no tiene el mismo nivel académico, por esta razón se debería desarrollar desde una perspectiva de accesibilidad cognitiva. Al menos las leyes más comunes o aquellas que son de mayor infracción.

 

Fuentes consultadas:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma_jur%C3%ADdica

https://derechouned.com/libro/persona/259-el-deber-general-de-cumplimiento

 

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Gustavo Mirabal looking to the Dubai's great versatility

Gustavo Mirabal looks to the future in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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Oct01

Issue #1: Gustavo Mirabal in Dubai – United Arab Emirates

It is an ordinary day at the DIFC (Dubai International Financial Center). Hundreds of European, Asian and Russian companies converge in a privileged place for architecture, economy and laws. Well, at Dubai International Financial Center, the laws that underpin economic relations are different. For this reason and for all the things we will tell you, Gustavo Mirabal invests in the future in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

As a state within another state, the Dubai International Financial Center has its own laws. Laws that, by the way, result in the copy of the legislation of one of the pioneer countries in economic freedom, United Kingdom. Dubai, United Arab Emirates to achieve the objective set of being a regional-international financial center decided to “build from the grassroots.” This meant applying to its free zone legislation completely independent of the rest of the Arab Emirates. We will talk about this in more detail later.

That is why Gustavo Mirabal being an expert lawyer in finance and taxes decided to make the bet of his life. He understood that the “international finance building” that was “built” in Dubai had solid foundations and took the initiative. It’s been almost a month since Gustavo Mirabal opened his office in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and today we want to tell you his reasons.

Explore The Soul Of Dubai

The economy of Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Dubai became famous for its large revenues via oil. But at present these are not the most important income. Dubai has become a regional hub for transport, logistics and finance. The implementation of laws copied from the United Kingdom provides the necessary legal certainty for the attraction of foreign investments. That is why Emirates Group emerged in Dubai to provide services of travel agencies, airlines, cargo handling and transportation, among others. Emirates Group was directed by Sir Maurice Flanagan.

With the leadership of this British businessman and the resources of the government of Dubai they turned Dubai into a regional connection point. Likewise, its expansion has led it to be a connection between the European and Asian continents. Emirates Group is an example of what good legislation and respect for investments can do for national development.

And the most important thing is that several of the offices of the companies that make up the Emirates Group are in the DIFC. Emirates as the flagship airline of the Emirates Group is in all the Top 10 of the best airlines of 2019. It is an example of how to transform a service-based economy.

Below we can see a video about the Emirates training center to give the best service.

Emirates Cabin Crew Training

Currently the oil industry represents 1% of Dubai GDP. On the other hand, aviation represents 30% of GDP. With this we can confirm the importance of the transformation of Dubai. Dubai is one of the growing regional leaders. Its economy is growing at a ratio of 2 to 3% of GDP. As we can see Gustavo Mirabal is clear that he has his future in Dubai.

More about the Dubai International Financial Center or DIFC.

Gustavo Mirabal Castro chose the Dubai International Financial Center to open his office because of its privileged legal framework. Its legal framework is of the first order worldwide for having copied “market leaders”. But also its legal framework is exclusive to this area of the Emirate. As we explained earlier, this gives him and his clients great advantages. Legal security and low taxes, a successful combination.

The Dubai International Financial Center is basically a financial district with its own legal system. The legal system of the DIFC is the same one used in the United Kingdom and the laws of the Arab Emirates do not apply. Even in cases whose own legislation copied from the United Kingdom contains certain legal loopholes, the direct use of UK legislation is authorized. All legislation is made public in English and is also compatible with the guidelines of the European Union.

This is a point that will be affected by Brexit and will have to be addressed in due course. In a previous article Gustavo Mirabal told us about some considerations to prepare for Brexit. Later we are likely to address the influence of Brexit in the legation of Dubai.

All these circumstances provide the investor with the legal certainty necessary to secure their investments. But if this were not enough, the DIFC sets a tax rate of 0%. Basically we are facing the “Duty free” of the international financial zones. All these measures were established to make Dubai become a financial center of reference. In this way Dubai every day depends less on oil, despite having immense oil reserves.

Gustavo Mirabal's office is in the Dubai International Financial Center
Gustavo Mirabal’s office is in the Dubai International Financial Center

The opening of Gustavo Mirabal’s office in Dubai

On September 5, 2019, Gustavo Mirabal’s office in Dubai was inaugurated in an intimate event. The event integrated the team of new professionals and clients to get to know each other and enter into trust. A modern and sober office at the same time very consistent with the style of Dubai.

The Dubai office represents a commitment to the internationalization of Gustavo Mirabal. The office becomes a new company that will articulate strategic alliances around the world. This is how Mirabal And Associates emerges as a globalized integrating face for its international clients. Among these strategic alliances, it will coordinate with Mirabal & Asociados and with Lisal Enterprises Limited. This will allow to give the best advice at the local level with a global look.

Functions of the Gustavo Mirabal Castro Office in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

The modest 500 square meter office will allow you to focus on certain branches of law such as:

  • Family Office for managing large family assets
  • Capital management of people and companies
  • Tax advice
  • Investment Property
  • Comprehensive capital management

Mirabal And Associates is an MFO (Multi-Family Office) established in one of the places with the greatest tax advantages, Dubai. The economic push of Dubai not only makes it an ideal place to be advised, but it is also ideal for establishing your investments. Basically it is the version of the Glocal in the legal field. For those who do not know the term, Glocal commonly refers to “think globally and act locally.” In this way you can establish which will be the best locations to establish companies, residence and capital management. Likewise it is clear the local context for relevant advice.

Why Dubai specifically?

One of the points that also made the location of the office in Dubai relevant is the ease of visa. The tax advantages of Dubai add to the ease of obtaining travel authorization papers. This allows privileged access to European, Asian and Russian financial and capital markets. In short, the points that made Gustavo Mirabal intuit the future in Dubai were:

  • Being an air connection point between the Middle East, Europe and Asia makes it a relevant accessibility site.
  • Likewise, legal certainty that represents a legal framework identical to that of the United Kingdom is key to investments.
  • A group of lawyers with the best training, brought from the most advanced countries in economic management to fill positions in Dubai.
  • An own arbitration center where disputes are resolved in accordance with international law
  • Absolute tax advantages. Any company that sees its future in Dubai has 40 years insured with zero taxes
  • Possibility of repatriating or displacing 100% of the capital generated in Dubai.
Emirates Promotional Video

As we can see, Dubai was not an option, it was “the only option.” Its privileged location, legislation and tax advantages make Dubai a place to invest. Likewise, all this makes Mirabal And Associates your best alternative as an advisor because they have their eyes on the future.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai_International_Financial_Centre

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai

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Erin Brockovich

Erin Brockovich – Legal drama movie with environmental touches

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Sep29

When film productions are based on real events they can be shocking. Sometimes, real life can become much more interesting to the public. Usually, most of the time they leave a message that somehow touches the viewers deeply. In this installment we will address what is related to the great movie called Erin Brockovich.

When it comes to fighting to enforce the rights of people there are people with great determination. Battle against corruption and the bureaucracy of the judicial system in any country is a challenge. If we must also deal with large corporations in the United States and the difficulty is out of proportion. A fight between “David” and “Goliath”. It is there where the essence of this film is found, in which the protagonist Erin Brockovich assumes the role of achieving justice.

Erin Brockovich begins looking for his place in the world and ends up seeking justice for a person affected by environmental issues. This problem was generated by a huge company called Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E). Their search is to ensure that “the big ones don’t crush the little ones” and are compensated for damages.

Erin Brockovich decides to take a steep path for a huge company to compensate all those affected and assume their responsibility.

Description of the movie Erin Brockovich

The American-produced film production called Erin Brockovich was starred by movie star Julia Roberts.

The script for this movie is based on the true story of Erin Brockovich – Ellis. Erin Brockovich is an environmental activist who achieved a significant judicial victory against Pacific Gas and Electric.

The protagonist of the film is a woman with multiple problems in her life. Well, she faces a frivolous world being vulnerable since she is a divorced mother. In addition, she is unemployed and additionally to make her situation worse, she has a car accident.

If you who have problems, try to be a divorced mother with 3 children, alone, unemployed and with an accident that leaves 17,000 dollars in medical debt.

Then to add more firewood to the fire, he loses a trial against the person who hit him, an emergency doctor. And since she is a divorced mother, she is judged unfairly. This leaves her with the aforementioned medical debt that she had to cover given her responsibility the mentioned doctor.

The lawyer who defended Erin Brokovich is a well-meaning man who almost assured him a victory. But due to the prejudices for which the aforementioned lawyer was not prepared, the case is lost. That is why Erin Brokovich urges him to work to compensate her for the loss of the case. Ed Masri, whose heart is gold, has no choice but to help her and Erin starts working at the firm as secretary.

Erin Brockovich and Ed Masri
Erin Brockovich and Ed Masri

Key Case File for the firm

When this woman starts working at the firm in the archives section. That is why he begins to read the files to be able to store them correctly. In that process there was one in particular that caught his attention. This file was that of Donna Jensens, where the protagonist in some way puts the magnifying glass. Without understanding why there is a series of medical records among the documents of a real estate litigation Erin decides to go further.

In this way Erin Brockovich begins to investigate certain irregularities such as medical checkup media. In addition to the suspicious medical help the company called Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) gives to the residents of the area.

This powerfully attracts the attention of the bold woman. From there he discovers the causality between the pathologies of the client with the contamination of the local water sheets caused by the gas and electricity corporation.

What causes these adverse effects in the population is the use of hexavalent chromium in their processes. However, the company had indicated that the chromium used in its industrial processes is really trivalent chromium.

Her curiosity and intelligence lead her to investigate water quality records in the county. The spiky hairs stop when they discover that the chrome that P.E. & G. used was the dangerous hexavalent chromium.

 

A path full of thorns

It is definitely not an easy road faced by the daring woman Erin Brockovich. Well, it is the bureaucracy of the justice system coupled with the power of that company and additionally the null collaboration of their co-workers. However, this does not become an excuse for her. The determination of the woman makes her take the reins and come to talk directly with the people affected in California.

In the union is the strength and this is achieved by Erin Brockovich with his charisma and approach to people. In this way, he manages to gain the trust of people affected by the bad procedure of the PG&E company.

The investigation by the protagonist Erin Brockovich

Erin Brockovich movie poster
Erin Brockovich movie poster

Erin Brockovich gave continuity to what he had started, so in the following years he devoted himself to collecting all the necessary evidence. So he proceeded to look for the corresponding contamination samples. Then he met a lot of the people affected and consequently sick of Hinkley California. With all these advances he manages to mount a case and insert a class action suit.

For the year 1996, the United States judicial system ordered the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) to pay compensation of $ 500,000 to the people of Hinkley for each affected person.

The exact figure was 600 sick people. Consequently, Pacific Gas and Electric Company had to pay three hundred and thirty-three million dollars. Without a doubt an unpublished amount in a case with these characteristics. In addition, a milestone was established since jurisdiction was established as a judicial precedent for equivalent processes.

For its part, the protagonist Erin Brockovic who led this fight from the beginning had the reward of 2 million dollars for the case.

The premiere of “Erin Brockovich” movie

Starting the millennium the movie “Erin Brockovich” was released, the film that illustrates the process that made it famous. This production was produced by Steven Soderbergh and was starred by the great actress Julia Roberts.

The real Erin Brockovich

Erin Brockovich 2019
Erin Brockovich 2019

The person who undertook this battle in real life decided to start his own company. This is called Brockovich Investigation & Consulting, and it also lectures around the world.

After the fight that I won for the first time, this woman decided to take this path against transnationals such as Bayer Pharmaceutical. This is to prevent women from the side effect of the Essure contraceptive. At present, the case has had different demands and is still in the process.

Erin is an example of the determination that some women have to exercise leadership in their environment. In the particular case of this woman he undertook a steep path. She never fainted, although obstacles were presented along the way. An exceptional woman who provided unconditional support to a large number of people affected by the bad actions of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E).

The best reward was to see how each of these people received the corresponding compensation.

After this, he not only founded his own company, but also dedicated to empowering people around the world. He has also undertaken a fight against other companies to compensate their victims.

Erin Brockovich speaking at the 2016 Arizona Ultimate Women's Expo (Photo By GAge Skidmore)
Erin Brockovich speaking at the 2016 Arizona Ultimate Women’s Expo (Photo By GAge Skidmore)

Cast “Erin Brockovich”

Julia Robert plays the leading role of Erin Brockvich. A woman with determination that does not rest until she achieves what is proposed. These actions for the victims of the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E).

Albert Finney as Edward L Masry born litigator and a lawyer who defended any type of cause with utmost professionalism and ethics. This is who guides the steps that the protagonist of the film must take.

Aaron Eckhart as George, the Mexican-American motorcycle boyfriend of Erin Brockovich-Ellis.

Marg Helgenberger as Donna Jensen Although the role of this character in this movie is small. However it is powerful. Marg’s performance is inspired by her mother Kay’s battle with breast cáncer

Mention has been made of the main characters of this fabulous story that not only marked a milestone in the legal field of the United States. They are an example of what the fight for justice means.

Erin Brockovich and her Boyfriend
Erin Brockovich and her Boyfriend

Laws, environment and justice

The movie Erin Brockovich is inspiring not only for those who are interested in the legal area. This movie is also for activists and people struggling for environmental conservation.

Once again he urges us to assert our rights as citizens and to be aware of the care for the environment. In addition to ensuring that companies are responsible and their processes impact ecosystems as little as possible.

Sources:

https://allaboutmarg.com/wordp/video-clip-archive/character-video-highlights/erin-brockovich-donna-jensen/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin_Brockovich

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin_Brockovich_(film)

 

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