Heartland: A TV series for horse…

Kentucky Derby

This race is the first of three races that make up the U.S. Triple Crown.

Over the years it has become a famous race because all the thoroughbreds, three years old, that have passed through it have been amazing.

The setting for this competition is located in Louisville, Kentucky.

The joust takes place on the first Saturday of May.

This 2019 the race was held on Saturday, May 4. Fans were able to see her at 6:50 p.m. Venezuela time.

The competition is circumscribed as part of the two-week Kentucky Derby Festival.

The race takes place on a one-and-a-quarter (2 km) track at Churchill Downs Racecourse.

It is known in the United States as “The Two Most Exciting Minutes in Sports” for its approximate duration.

Although also, it is called “The Run for the Roses” (The Run for the Roses) for the garland of roses that is placed on the winner.

In 2020 the race had to be postponed due to the coronavirus and a virtual Kentucky Derby race was held instead.

This competition is the first date of the Triple Crown of thoroughbred racing in the United States and usually attracts about 150 thousand followers.

Not counting those who follow her in the media or social networks.

Kentucky Derby

The Kentucky Derby has also been a place where good horses are bred.

Since the year 1700 there is reference about the quality of the pastures that the Kentucky Derby has.

It is said that they enjoy a grass rich in calcium that influences the good production of racehorses.

Where the idea comes from

In 1872, he started what years later would be one of the most famous races in the world.

Whoever wins the Kentucky Derby always stands still.

That year Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr., grandson of the military and governor William Clark, of the Lewis and Clark expedition, travels through England.

And also take the opportunity to visit the Epsom Derby.

This is a well-known race that was held annually since 1780.

From there, Lewis Clark heads to Paris, France, where he would unknowingly find a great idea to move to the United States.

It is the year 1863 when the grandson of the soldier meets a group of fans of horse racing who form the French Jockey Club and organize the Grand Prix of Paris.

Over time the jousting becomes the famous Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe (Prix of the Arc de Triomphe).

European influence

Back in Kentucky, Lewia Clark organizes the Louisville Jockey Club.

Inspired by everything he had seen in England and France he began to organize the team…

The objective of this is to raise funds to build quality facilities that would allow horse racing on the outskirts of the city.

The man accomplishes his task and then the Churchill Downs track is born, named after Meriwether’s relatives Lewis Clark Jr., John and Henry Churchill, who provide the land for the racetrack.

Subsequently, the racecourse was named Churchill Downs in 1937.

The first Derby

All of the above results in the first edition of the Kentucky Derby.

The race is initially run on a 1.5-mile (2.4 km) track, the same distance as the Epsom Derby and the Paris Grand Prix.

However, by 1896 they modified the distance to those it has today, full 2019, that is, 1.25 miles (2 km).

It was May 17, 1875, when a group of 15 three-year-old horses participated in the first Kentucky Derby.

The fans do not wait, and the first spectator audience of the race reaches 10,000 people. Not bad for a start.

Winner of the 1st Kentucky Derby

The winner of the first edition of the Kentucky Derby is a colt trained by Ansel Williamson, Aristides.

The specimen was assembled by African-American jockey Oliver Lewis.

Shortly after, rider Lewis rode back on Aristides and took second place in the Belmont Stakes. Second race of the Triple Crown.

Technical problems

Even though the first edition of the Derby is listed as a success, the track presented financial difficulties.

Because of this in 1894 the New Louisville Jockey Club was created with new capitals and improved facilities.

However, the business faltered until 1902.

That year Matt Winn of Louisville brings together a group of businessmen to acquire solvency.

During Winn’s management, Churchill Downs Racecourse prospered.

Which made the Kentucky Derby the most important thoroughbred horse race in the United States.

As it is known today. A race of renown and prestige for the winners.

African-American Horsemen

A curious fact about the so-called Race of roses is that during the period 1875 and 1902, it was African-American riders who won 15 of 28 Derbys.

In fact, by May 11, 1892, 15-year-old Alonzo “Lonnie” Clayton was the youngest rider to win the Kentucky Derby.

The 1904 joust is won by a woman, Laska Durnell, who rode on “Elwood”.

In this section of curious facts we find that the filly Regret is the first filly to win the Derby, this is in 1915.

While by 1917, the English colt “Omar Khayyam” becomes the first overseas-bred horse to win the race.

The best specimens

In order to increase their income, horse owners begin sending the best Derby participants to compete weeks later in the Preakness Stakes, and the Belmont Stakes in Elmont, New York.

Let’s remember that these three competitions make up what we know today as the Triple Crown of the United States.

And the fact that the same horse runs and wins all three is incredible, amazing.

This feat was first completed by the horse “Sir Barton”, in 1919.

Origin of the word Triple Crown

Given the importance of the three races, referred to above, the idea of calling it Triple Crown arises, alluding to the fact that they are the most important in the United States.

However, the word began to be used from 1930, when “Gallant Fox” became the second horse to win all three races, and sports journalist Charles Hatton imposed the use of that expression.

Two years later, the day of the race, which had taken place since its inception in mid-May, was changed to the first Saturday in May, in order to set a specific schedule for Triple Crown races.

Kentucky Derby the first gem of the triple crown, accumulation of history and emotions

Gustavo Mirabal as lovers of horses, also loves its history and legacy. That is why it seeks that the historical contribution of horses becomes visible to all people. Preserving that history is a duty for all of us.

In other articles we can learn more about the triple crown and its other careers.

There is a great diversity of horse breeds, all of them with their own peculiarities, but the Shetland pony is one of the most curious. Its small size makes it confusing with a pony, but it really is what we would call a miniature horse. That is why today we will meet one of the smallest horses in the world, the Shetland pony.

It is known as Shetland Pony because it comes from the islands that bear the same name. It is believed that thanks to the Scandinavian invasion and the crosses made by the invaders with horses in the area, this new breed was created, but we will talk about it later.

Pony Shetland attracts a lot of attention for its small size. This has made the Shetland Pony ideal for riding and training children. This is thanks to being able to become mature horses with a suitable size for the task.

The descendants of the Shetland pony

The Shetland pony is also considered an ancestor of the Fallabella Pony, a breed of horse of Argentine origin. And the story that is told is that a miniature pony was found and crossed with the horses of the area so that the Falabella was created.

The truth is that who did it was an Irish emigrant, and because of his close contacts with the Scottish area, there are theories that relate to both horses. The name of the Irish emigrant was Senor Newton and his great-grandson Julio César Falabella formalized the new breed of horses.

Shetland Pony

The Shetland pony is one of the smallest pony breeds in existence. It is native to the Shetland Islands, located in the northeast of Scotland. It is one of the strongest ponies. In addition, they exist in two different sizes: the original Shetland pony and the miniature Shetland pony, also called Mini-Shetland.

Characteristics

The height of this pony ranges between 0.90 and 1.07 meters. In turn, the layer can be of different colors, although it dominates the sorrel, the black and the piebald.

On the other hand, it is a pony with extreme strength. It can drag four times its weight, so proportionally it is twice as strong as a draft horse.

Another of its characteristics is its thick coat, which allows it to stay in the meadow all year round. In winter, the dense hair they have protects them from the cold and rain. Manes and tail are always long. The head should be small and well proportioned. Ears are also small. The forehead is wide, the eyes big, dark, and intelligent.

It is worth noting that the life expectancy of the Pony Shetland is about 30 years.

Character of the Shetland Pony

As for the character, he is usually affectionate, patient, although sometimes he is a little stubborn. Children usually adore this breed because of its mischievous character and small size. Despite its small size, it has an impressive strength and a strong character that requires strict dressage.

Curiosities of The Shetland Pony

Below, you will find some of the curiosities of Pony Shetland:

• The Shetland Pony made a career in television during the 60s thanks to the series Poly, in which he was the protagonist. This French television series had 13 episodes of 13 minutes each, a short series. However, the Poly series became enormously popular, as well as making the Shetland pony popular. The series is about a boy named Pascal who forges friendship with a Shetland pony named Poly. Adventures of Pascal and Poly take place between the antics of children to true heroic feats. The name of the famous series was Poly and the Mystery of the Castle
• The success of the Poly series and the castle mystery was enough to spawn numerous sequels. Thanks to this it had 8 sequels in the same format of 13 chapters of 13 minutes and a Poly film that was issued in 2020. The sequels in series format were:

1. December 1963 – Poly’s Holidays.
2. September 64 – Poly and the Secret of the Seven Stars
3. September 65 – Poli in Portugal
4. December ’66 – Help Poly, help! (1966)
5. November 67 – Poly and the Black Diamond (Format of 7 episodes of 24 minutes)
6. September 70 – Poly in Venice (13 episodes of 26 minutes)
7. March 72 – Poli in Spain (13 episodes of 26 minutes)
8. September ’73 – Poli in Tunisia (Returns to the traditional format of 13 episodes of 13 minutes)

Today, this pony is very popular, riding in many equestrian centers.

Pony Shetland, a miniature horse from Scotland for the world.

This horse became famous thanks to television, but since long before it was a great horse for children to learn. Its lineage is scattered throughout the world, because as with the Falabella it is considered the ancestor of other miniature horse breeds. That is why today we decided to make this review to highlight their contribution and contribute to the efforts to preserve this scottish horse breed.

Gustavo Mirabal Castro makes outreach efforts about horses because for him they are a passion. He wants them to make themselves known:

• Contributions of horses to the history of humanity
• Noble and friendly character of horses
• The need to promote a more dignified place and treatment for horses

For Gustavo Mirabal, horses are not only animals to ride, but they are also friends to take care of. That is why their efforts seek to give horses a place in the modern world and to be recognized for bringing humanity to the place it currently holds.

If you liked the article you can follow us on our social networks such as Instagram, Twitter and YouTube to learn more about horses and finance, another of Gustavo Mirabal Castro’s specialties

Sources:

http://www.gustavomirabal.es/caballos/ponis-origen-tipos-y-caracter/

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poni_de_las_Shetland

Horses usually have different colors or coat designs. Just as the coat of some is short and that of others is long, this is one of the characteristics that differentiates the different breeds of horses. One of the most striking coats gives its name to a type of horse, the leopard horse.

This is how certain breeds of horses have characteristic colors and designs, because they predominate in their “gene pool”. Variations of colors and designs in pure breeds are limited. By introducing mixtures, we can open the alternatives. But to maintain certain preferential characteristics, crossing with other breeds cannot be carried out.

This means that pure breeds always have advantages in some respects. In the same way pure breeds have weaknesses in some respects and are more susceptible to genetic diseases of recessive genes.

Without a doubt one of the characteristics that best represents a breed of horses is its color and design. For this reason, today we will analyze the design of the so-called “Leopard Horse”. We will take advantage of knowing a little more about the breeds that are characterized by this striking design.

Without more to add let’s start.

Leopard Horse

As we mentioned in the previous section, the colors and designs of horses’ coats are fundamentally determined by genetics.

Leopard coats can be triggered by a genetic complex that bears the same name as the coat in question. This type of fur can also have another origin, the leopard gene. As we can see, although its origin is undoubtedly genetic, it can have various reasons. That is why we can find it in the different breeds of horses, either by the gene or by the also mentioned leopard complex.

The coats of the leopard horse often have spots, but the nature and distribution of these are different from that of spotted fur. This is because in the part of the head they usually have a design pattern like that of freckles, as we will mention later in more detail. Additionally, and as, we will mention a little later, the pattern has “a certain symmetry”.

This type of leopard fur is also called tabby. Other characteristics, which we can mention is that they have freckled skin, especially visible on the muzzle, around the eyes and groin.

Symmetrical

The coats are noticeably symmetrical, that is, the horse seen from the side shows similar spots on each part. These usually appear around the hips of the leopard horse.

It should be noted that the eyes are partially white and the hooves with dark and light vertical lists.

On the other hand, mantles can vary over time. It is curious that the position of the spots over the years can be displaced. Additionally, it can also change its size and even the number of spots in the pattern can increase or decrease. Despite this, it must be considered that white spots tend to increase with age.

In turn, the number of spots, their size and their situation on the body can be modified over the years, like Dalmatian dogs.

Classification of these beautiful horses

The coats were usually classified according to their external appearance into specific patterns: Leopard, Leopard little spotted, Flocked or snowed, varnished roan and frosted.

This diversity of patterns is due to the interaction of leopard pattern genetics with other genes. In this way, with the interaction of several genes they form the patterns that we know as: “leopard”, “little spot” or “snowflake”.

According to research

Advances in some studies have allowed a more appropriate classification. This one is based on the outside but more in line with genetics: heterozygous and homozygous.

In both cases, the coats can range from almost dark base fur (with no “added” white hairs) to an almost completely white coat.

Important differences

In heterozygous there are dark spots of the color of the base fur superimposed on the white areas. In homozygous there are no dark spots on the white areas.

Leopard horse breeds

There are many breeds of horses with the leopard pattern. However, the horse breeds that are popularly known for this pattern are the Appaloosa and the Knabstrupper. That is why the Appaloosa or the Knabstrupper is considered as the leopard horse par excellence, or the leopard horses.

This is because more than 20% of Appaloosa breed horses possess the leopard horse coat pattern. For its part, the Knabstrupper horse breed has the leopard design coat pattern in 50% of its horses.

This means that, if it were necessary to decide which breed of horses can be considered the leopard horse par excellence, the Knabstrupper would be the winner. In this breed of horse, the predominant coats are the Black Leopard and the Sorrel Leopard with 28% and 21% respectively.

Although the Appaloosa is generally referred to as the leopard horse, the Knabstrupper has much less publicity, but much more presence in this regard.

These breeds are very striking to the eye but focusing on the Knabstrupper this breed of horses has the peculiarity of producing ponies of less than 60cm. But it is also a remarkable breed to also produce Standardbred horses. This is not at all common and gives many alternatives to buyers to acquire riding horses for adults and children.

Genetic problems associated with the leopard horse.

Just as we mentioned the advantages of the leopard horse, now we will go on to mention an important weakness, its vision.

The leopard horse is characterized by having a deep white sclera. This is a purely aesthetic characteristic but they have importance because it is associated with some vision problems in these horses.

Leopard horses tend to suffer more frequently from uveitis. Uveitis is an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye that affects vision. It can be caused by eye trauma, but horses with leopard complex present it more frequently.

So much so that a condition known as Equine Recurrent Uveitis, which involves the recurrent appearance of Uveitis, is more prevalent in these horses. Specifically, statistics indicate that 25% of the total cases of Recurrent Equine Uveitis correspond to Appaloosa horses.

On the other hand, leopard horses are more likely to suffer difficulty seeing at night and in dark places. This “night blindness” does not advance, but appears from birth, hindering the entire life of the horse.

The beauty of leopard horses is attacked by their vision problems, resulting from the process of inbreeding to produce pure horse breeds.

To keep in mind

In 1982 Dr.D. Philip Sponenberg introduced the concept of leopard complex and represented it for Lp (for “leopard” in English). By 2004 a team of researchers placed the Lp gene on chromosome 1 (ACE1).

For most people, Gustavo Mirabal Castro is a man linked to the law in Venezuela. However, Gustavo Mirabal Castro is not only linked to law in Venezuela, but to many other activities and other countries. That is why today you will know the link of Gustavo Mirabal with the law and Venezuela, but you will also discover other facets. Among the most outstanding facets of Gustavo Mirabal are that of financial advisor, businessman and family man. In addition, his professional activity has been linked to many countries other than Venezuela such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Spain, the United Arab Emirates or Switzerland.

Gustavo Mirabal does not stop learning and entrepreneurship. That is why every day we find new facets of this fascinating Venezuelan lawyer. Together with the love of her life, María Carolina Chapellín de Mirabal, has undertaken the Adventure of leaving the name of Venezuela high. Due to this life purpose, Gustavo Mirabal has set himself high goals that demonstrate the competencies of Venezuelan talent.

In addition, he has set out to help Venezuelan talent wherever he finds it. Whether they are athletes or entrepreneurs in Europe, they have counted on his invaluable advice. But his attitude toward talent has not been limited to Venezuelan talent alone but has spread to all Latin American talent. And it has sought to give the best opportunities and the best advice to athletes as we could read in the article “Finance for athletes“, in this same portal.

Without a doubt, this versatile character will give us a lot to talk about… But let’s start by knowing why the law and why Venezuela.

Gustavo Mirabal Linked to law in Venezuela

Venezuela is the land where Gustavo Mirabal was born. But Venezuela not only gave Gustavo Mirabal a place of birth, it also gave him its values and its idiosyncrasies. In addition, the opportunity to enjoy a wonderful climate and the most beautiful landscapes. Of this we can know a little more by reading the chronicles of his travels in the series of articles “Gustavo Mirabal in Venezuela“.

But without a doubt the love of his family is one of the things that made him happiest as a child born and raised in Venezuela. Gustavo Mirabal Castro’s father and mother are also Venezuelans.

In addition, we could say that Gustavo Mirabal’s father, Mr. Gustavo Mirabal Bustillos, is linked to the law in Venezuela. And it is that this Venezuelan lawyer is transmitted all his love for the laws and the right to his son. Gustavo Mirabal Bustillos is the example that his son needs to love Venezuela and finally link to the law.

Gustavo Mirabal Bustillos, of whom we have spoken on previous occasions, is a renowned Venezuelan lawyer. His career in law and his passion for Venezuela led him to be appointed Governor of Miranda state at the time. His defense of the innocent caused him to have a brief but intense and fruitful political career. This passion for Venezuela and for the laws were some of the things that Gustavo Mirabal received as an inheritance from his father and to this day remain.

Gustavo Mirabal Castro studied law at the Universidad Santa María. This is how Gustavo Mirabal Castro began to become a man linked to the law in Venezuela. But then we will know a little more about his career.

The professional career of Gustavo Mirabal Castro, linked to law in Venezuela.

Gustavo Mirabal’s studies at the Santa María University showed him great potential for the practice of law. Thanks to this, he obtained his first jobs as a lawyer in the Venezuelan financial sector. There he worked in companies of the stature such as Britannica insurance and Banco Construcción. He also served as an external advisor to other banking institutions and insurers.

Thanks to his experience in the financial sector, Gustavo Mirabal aroused an intense curiosity about the subject. And it is the life of a salaried person to be paid in the middle and at the end of the month to run out of money. However, he found that financial connoisseurs had a different life.

Financial enthusiasts are people with much greater awareness of their expenses and income. These people are constantly concerned with increasing their income and keeping superfluous expenses at bay in order to have a surplus. That surplus is what will later become a source of investment. But there is no way to invest without having a surplus.

Many financiers could have had a wasteful life, but they don’t. On the contrary, the key to healthy finances is a sober and frugal lifestyle. There are always opportunities to spend all the income, but to have financial peace of mind requires savings.

Savings represent the ability to face economic contingencies and the opportunity to invest.

Gustavo Mirabal Castro’s passage through the financial sector transformed his relationship with money. He became a man who knew his own finances in detail. That was the awareness and practice that transformed him with his personal experience into a true financial advisor.

Gustavo Mirabal, a life full of facets and places

Our view of Gustavo Mirabal is enriched as we get to know him. Gustavo Mirabal Castro is not only linked to the law in Venezuela, Gustavo Mirabal is much more. As we can see, Gustavo Mirabal is:

• A lover of various sports disciplines
• He is an animal lover.
• A dedicated international financial advisor
• Entrepreneur by profession and family.
• An exemplary father and an exceptional husband.
• A man of the world who has traveled all over Venezuela
• In addition, Gustavo Mirabal has also toured the United States, Spain, part of the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and Switzerland.

First, Gustavo Mirabal Castro is a member of the law and Venezuelan, but he is not only limited to them. Thus, the search for permanent growth has made him a man who is more than the labels that can be put on him.

Without a doubt, Gustavo Mirabal brings us great news every year. But in this year 2022 its support for financial education is consolidating thanks to its youtube channel in spanish ” Gustavo Mirabal – Asesor Financiero “. In addition, it already has a page dedicated to finance in addition to the multiple social networks where it emphasizes financial advice.

If you want to know a little more about finance or about the trajectory of Gustavo Mirabal follow us on social networks or in our blogs. We hope to support you in your growth as an entrepreneur or as a business, with the example of Gustavo Mirabal’s life.

Apps are a trend in the world. Currently we could say that there are too many applications on the market. However, there are always some apps that stand out from the others, especially in some segments. Horse lovers are no exception and despite being a fairly limited segment there are many apps, some good apps and others not so much. That is why today we will know some of the best apps for horse lovers.

The application market is extremely diverse. This is mainly because programming is becoming more common. In many cases you can even make apps without knowing how to program. That is why many horse lovers have turned their passion into applications. Many of them have the vision to make life easier for other horse lovers.

In some cases, these applications are to make life easier for competition riders. Others help us connect better with both horses and other riders. There are other apps for horse lovers that make it easier for us to access services such as transport and veterinary.

And we can’t forget the apps designed for fun. And before going with the apps, we leave you with a video about games for horse lovers.

Apps to connect with our horse and riders

One of the most important things a rider should do with his horse is to connect with each other. A good connection between rider and horse can improve their performance exponentially. That is why it is so important that the rider brushes the hair of his horse and mounts it frequently.

But that connection is not limited exclusively to a physical connection, an emotional connection is also required. There are applications that are dedicated to creating that awareness in the rider and to improving your knowledge about your horse.

As long as you know more about horses, their customs and forms of communication, you can create a stronger bond. Knowing about horse breeds, their communication, diseases, and personality, are part of the preparation of a good rider. That is why here are some applications that can help you connect with your horse or other riders.

Horse Scanner, Apps to identify the breed of your horse:

This application is, in addition to fun, extremely useful. Horse Scanner allows you to identify the breed of your horse and gives you tips about the characteristics of your horse’s breed. The identification of the horse breed is done using artificial intelligence. Thousands of photos of the different horse breeds are registered in its database. Thanks to this and its complex algorithm, the Horse Scanner application can identify with great precision the breed of your horse.

Identifying your horse’s breed will bring you closer to it. With the knowledge of the breed of your horse you will be able to know more about:

• Typical diseases of the horse breed. In this way your horse can be treated preventively and also in a timely manner with any typical disease.
• Type and personality traits of the horse breed you have.
• Equestrian specialties typical of your horse breed, and in which you can perform better.
• It can help you better define the type of exercises, diet, and distractions for your horse.

Knowing the breed of your horses will certainly make you connect better with it and make better decisions for you as a horse-rider duo. The application is very simple to use and very useful.

In addition, it can also be fun to serve so that you can verify for yourself what breed you would be if you were a horse, scanning yourself. A very entertaining activity for horse lovers.

Horsealot:

This application is the official app of a social network dedicated to horse lovers. Gustavo Mirabal and his friends are on this social network to connect with people with their interests.  You can exchange tricks, tips or even be aware of the news of the equestrian world.

It is very interesting because it connects at least two hundred thousand people related to the world of horses. Horsealot currently has versions for Iphone and Android phones. It is for all those who enjoy the equestrian lifestyle, their love for horses and the elegance of this world.

Through this social network you can discuss all kinds of topics related to horses, from training, nutrition, fashion, or art.

You can also see information about trips and tours specially designed for horse lovers.

You can also connect with special guests of the social network, such as riders or horse lovers, such as:

• Actors
• Designers
• Photographers
• Olympic Athletes
• Famous riders

Thanks to their advice and experience you can have fun while learning how to improve the relationship with your horse. It is certainly a great app to connect with other horse lovers.

Equestrian training apps for your horse

We know that having a rigorous training routine is one of the keys to the success of a rider and his horse. Without proper training, neither of you will develop the attitudes and skills necessary for success in equestrian sports. That is why there are a variety of equestrian applications that can help you improve your abilities and develop those of your horse.

These apps can help you monitor your performance or set yourself new challenges. It all depends on what you want to do. That is why below we present some applications that will help you follow and improve your equestrian training. Thanks to them you and your horse will be able to improve their performance.

Equilab, records and tracks your horse’s training:

This is one of the applications with the highest number of downloads. Equilab is one of the best apps for horse lovers. With its more than 500 thousand downloads it shows us that the community of riders and horse lovers is really huge.

Through this application you will be able to record the workouts with your horse and you will be able to monitor its performance.

In addition, through equilab you can register all your horses and monitor each of them.

Additionally, through equilab you can connect with other riders, share experiences, and form new friendships.

As if that were not enough there you can also find recommendations from trainers, veterinarians, and all kinds of professionals in the equestrian world.

By creating your training calendar, you can create your training plan and see the progress day by day. Without a doubt, Equilab is one of the most spectacular applications for horse lovers.

Jump Off:

It is an application to study your equestrian jumping routes. You can upload a photo and using the photo you can trace the route and place the obstacles to achieve a simulation.  The interesting thing is that simulation can help us navigate the circuit mentally and memorize it. In this way we can anticipate the moment of practicing.